Sources, licence and attribution

Licence of the course text

The text of this course is licensed under Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0). You may copy, adapt and share it, for any purpose, if you give credit.

Please credit it like this: "Poland, measured", © 2026 Mateusz Wojczal and the ulams contributors, CC BY 4.0, https://github.com/ulams-dev/ulams/tree/main/demo-content/poland.

The map and charts are a separate package: its code is MIT-licensed and its text and data are CC BY 4.0; the map outlines come from Natural Earth (public domain) through world-atlas (ISC). The statistics themselves belong to the institutions that publish them; the course quotes figures with their sources and does not claim them.

How the figures were checked

Every figure was checked against the page of its publisher on 10 October 2026. Where a number could not be confirmed there, it was replaced by the number the publisher gives or removed. Numbers that rest on our own calculation are marked as such in the lesson.

Sources by lesson

1. Energy

• Gas Storage Poland: operational inventory data, September 2026, https://ipi.gasstoragepoland.pl/en/storage-services/operational-and-operational-data/operational-data/
• Energy Regulatory Office: RES micro-installations in 2025, https://www.ure.gov.pl/en/communication/news/518%2CURE-report-The-number-of-RES-micro-installations-in-Poland-has-already-exceeded-.html
• PSE: Annual report for 2025, table 6.1 (generation by fuel), https://www.pse.pl/dane-systemowe/funkcjonowanie-kse/raporty-roczne-z-funkcjonowania-kse-za-rok/raporty-za-rok-2025
• PSE: Annual report for 2021, table 6.1 (generation by fuel), https://www.pse.pl/dane-systemowe/funkcjonowanie-kse/raporty-roczne-z-funkcjonowania-kse-za-rok/raporty-za-rok-2021
• KOWR: Record agri-food exports in 2025, https://www.gov.pl/web/kowr/rekordowy-eksport-polskiej-zywnosci-2025
• GAZ-SYSTEM: Baltic Pipe, https://www.gaz-system.pl/en/transmission-system/eu-support/investments-co-financed-with-eu-funds/baltic-pipe.html
• GAZ-SYSTEM: Świnoujście LNG terminal expansion completed, https://www.gaz-system.pl/en/for-media/press-releases/2025/january/22-01-2025-gaz-system-completed-the-expansion-of-the-lng-terminal-in-swinoujscie.html
• PSE: Annual report on the operation of the national power system for 2025, https://www.pse.pl/dane-systemowe/funkcjonowanie-kse/raporty-roczne-z-funkcjonowania-kse-za-rok/raporty-za-rok-2025
• Baltic Power: First electricity delivered, July 2026, https://balticpower.pl/news/baltic-power-offshore-wind-farm-produces-and-delivers-electricity-to-polish-energy-grid-for-the-first-time/
• PSE: Annual report on the operation of the national power system for 2021, https://www.pse.pl/dane-systemowe/funkcjonowanie-kse/raporty-roczne-z-funkcjonowania-kse-za-rok/raporty-za-rok-2021

2. Prosperity

• Statistics Poland / Eurostat: EU economic situation, July 2026, https://ssgk.stat.gov.pl/07.2026/Sytuacja_spoleczno-gospodarcza_w_Unii_Europejskiej_i_w_wybranych_krajach.html
• IMF World Economic Outlook, April 2026: GDP, current prices (DataMapper), https://www.imf.org/external/datamapper/NGDPD@WEO/POL
• IMF World Economic Outlook, April 2026: population (DataMapper), https://www.imf.org/external/datamapper/LP@WEO/POL
• Eurostat: GDP up by 0.4% and employment up by 0.1% in the euro area, 14 August 2026, https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/web/products-euro-indicators/w/2-14082026-ap
• Statistics Poland: Preliminary estimate of GDP in Q2 2026, 31 August 2026, https://stat.gov.pl/obszary-tematyczne/rachunki-narodowe/kwartalne-rachunki-narodowe/wstepny-szacunek-produktu-krajowego-brutto-w-2-kwartale-2026-r-,3,96.html
• Eurostat: Household final consumption expenditure, chain-linked volumes (nama_10_gdp), updated October 2026, https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/databrowser/view/nama_10_gdp/default/table?lang=en
• Eurostat: Risk of poverty or social exclusion in 2025, https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/web/products-eurostat-news/w/ddn-20260430-1
• Statistics Poland: Household budgets in 2025, https://stat.gov.pl/obszary-tematyczne/warunki-zycia/dochody-wydatki-i-warunki-zycia-ludnosci/sytuacja-gospodarstw-domowych-w-2025-r-w-swietle-badania-budzetow-gospodarstw-domowych%2C3%2C25.html
• Eurostat: Household consumption price levels in 2025, https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/web/products-eurostat-news/w/ddn-20260618-2
• Statistics Poland: Average monthly wage in the enterprise sector in June 2026, https://stat.gov.pl/sygnalne/komunikaty-i-obwieszczenia/lista-komunikatow-i-obwieszczen/obwieszczenie-w-sprawie-przecietnego-miesiecznego-wynagrodzenia-w-sektorze-przedsiebiorstw-w-czerwcu-2026-r-,56,152.html

3. Security

• NATO: Strengthening the eastern flank, September 2026 update, https://www.nato.int/en/what-we-do/deterrence-and-defence/strengthening-natos-eastern-flank
• NATO: Defence Investment of NATO Countries (2014-2026), table 3, https://www.nato.int/content/dam/nato/webready/documents/finance/def-exp-2026-en.pdf
• Ministry of State Assets: Wicher on the Baltic, the largest Polish warship in decades goes afloat, 12 August 2026, https://www.gov.pl/web/aktywa-panstwowe/wicher-na-baltyku--najwiekszy-od-dziesiecioleci-polski-okret-bojowy-schodzi-na-wode
• Ministry of National Defence: Christening ceremony of the future ORP Wicher, 12 August 2026, https://www.gov.pl/web/obrona-narodowa/uroczystosc-chrztu-przyszlego-orp-wicher
• CBOS: Safety and crime perceptions, May 2026, https://www.cbos.pl/PL/publikacje/raporty_tekst.php?id=7206
• Ministry of National Defence: Miecznik frigates for the Polish Navy, https://www.gov.pl/web/obrona-narodowa/miecznik-dla-marynarki-wojennej-rp
• ICEYE: Polish Armed Forces satellite agreement, May 2025, https://www.iceye.com/newsroom/press-releases/iceye-to-provide-sar-satellites-for-the-armed-forces-of-poland
• Institute for Economics and Peace: Global Peace Index 2026, https://www.economicsandpeace.org/wp-content/uploads/2026/06/Global-Peace-Index-2026-Report.pdf

4. Made in Poland

• ElevenLabs: employee tender, September 2026, https://elevenlabs.io/blog/tender-22bn
• InPost: FY2025 results, https://inpost.eu/sites/default/files/2026-03/InPost%20FY%202025%20Press%20Release.pdf
• Solaris: 2025 results, https://www.solarisbus.com/en/press/solaris-summarises-2025-sales-growth-strong-position-in-e-mobility-and-expansion-into-new-markets-2410
• European Space Agency: Ignis mission highlights, https://www.esa.int/Science_Exploration/Human_and_Robotic_Exploration/ignis/Ignis_mission_highlights
• European Commission: Country Report Poland 2026, https://economy-finance.ec.europa.eu/economic-surveillance-eu-member-states/country-pages-including-country-reports/country-report-poland_en
• Eurostat: Employment rate by sex, age 20-64 (lfsi_emp_a), Poland 78.8% in 2025, https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/databrowser/view/lfsi_emp_a/default/table?lang=en
• Żabka Group: 2025 results, https://zabkagroup.com/pl/wyniki-grupy-zabka-za-2025-rok-zysk-netto-powyzej-1-mld-zlprzyspieszenie-tempa-ekspansji-oraz-wzrost-kluczowych-wskaznikow-zgodny-z-celami-strategicznymi/
• CD PROJEKT: FY2025 earnings, https://www.cdprojekt.com/en/wp-content/uploads-en/2026/03/press-release-fy-2025-earnings.pdf
• ElevenLabs: Series D, February 2026, https://elevenlabs.io/blog/series-d
• OpenAI: An Alien Mind, September 2026, https://openai.com/index/an-alien-mind/
• OpenAI: Introducing OpenAI, 2015, https://openai.com/index/introducing-openai/
• University of Warsaw: ICPC World Finals 2025, https://www.uw.edu.pl/akademickie-mistrzostwa-swiata-w-programowaniu-zespolowym-2025/
• ICEYE: Polish Armed Forces satellite agreement, May 2025, https://www.iceye.com/newsroom/press-releases/iceye-to-provide-sar-satellites-for-the-armed-forces-of-poland

5. Daily life

• Ministry of Digital Affairs: mObywatel 2025 review, https://www.gov.pl/web/cyfryzacja/11-milionow-mobywateli-i-rekordowy-rok-w-aplikacji-mobywatel-cyfrowa-rewolucja-w-liczbach
• National Tax Information: PIT filing results, May 2026, https://www.gov.pl/web/kis/rozliczenie-pit-za-2025-rok-miliony-podatnikow-zaufaly-usludze-twoj-e-pit
• BLIK: 2025 operating results, https://www.blik.com/en/nearly-3-bn-blik-transactions-in-2025-and-over-2-m-new-users
• Ministry of Digital Affairs: PESEL reservation, December 2025, https://www.gov.pl/web/cyfryzacja/blisko-siedem-i-pol-miliona-polek-i-polakow-zastrzeglo-swoj-pesel-zrob-to-w-mobywatelu-i-miej-spokojne-swieta
• Centre for e-Health: 2025 review, https://www.cez.gov.pl/pl/page/o-nas/aktualnosci/e-zdrowie-w-liczbach-i-faktach-podsumowanie-2025-roku
• Patient Internet Account: available services, https://ikp.gov.pl/

6. Mobility

• GDDKiA: 2025 review, https://www.gov.pl/web/gddkia/podsumowanie-2025-roku
• GDDKiA: In 2026 we will open more than 290 km of roads, https://www.gov.pl/web/gddkia/w-2026-r-udostepnimy-ponad-290-km-drog
• Office of Rail Transport: Railways in 2025, https://utk.gov.pl/en/new/22869%2C2025-in-railways-a-passenger-boom-and-freight-challenges.html
• Civil Aviation Authority: Polish airport traffic in 2025, https://www.ulc.gov.pl/aktualnosci/przewozy-w-polskich-portach-lotniczych-w-2025-roku
• CBOS: Activities and experiences in 2025, https://www.cbos.pl/SPISKOM.POL/2026/K_017_26.PDF
• Warsaw Chopin Airport: market potential (passengers in 2025), https://www.lotnisko-chopina.pl/pl/potencjal-rynkowy%C2%A0lotniska.html
• Port of Gdańsk: cargo handling in 2025, https://www.portgdansk.pl/en/events/cargo-handling-at-the-port-of-gdansk-liquid-fuels-in-the-lead-while-containers-hit-a-record-high/

7. Health

• Statistics Poland: Life expectancy in 2024, https://stat.gov.pl/obszary-tematyczne/ludnosc/trwanie-zycia/trwanie-zycia-w-2024-r-,2,19.html
• Statistics Poland: Life expectancy in 2024 (report, PDF), https://stat.gov.pl/files/gfx/portalinformacyjny/pl/defaultaktualnosci/5470/2/19/1/trwanie_zycia_w_2024_roku.pdf
• Statistics Poland: Healthy life years in 2024, https://stat.gov.pl/obszary-tematyczne/ludnosc/trwanie-zycia/trwanie-zycia-w-zdrowiu-w-2024-r-%2C5%2C5.html
• Polish Police: Road accidents in 2025, page 7, https://statystyka.policja.pl/download/20/473186/Wypadkidrogowe2025.pdf
• City of Kraków: Air quality improvement, July 2025, https://www.krakow.pl/klimat/297266%2Cartykul%2Cpoprawa-jakosci-powietrza-w-krakowie.html

8. People

• CBOS: Life satisfaction, January 2026 report, https://www.cbos.pl/SPISKOM.POL/2026/K_003_26.PDF
• CBOS: Activities and experiences in 2025, https://www.cbos.pl/SPISKOM.POL/2026/K_017_26.PDF
• KCPU / Statistics Poland: alcohol consumption 2025, https://kcpu.gov.pl/wp-content/uploads/2026/09/Spozycie-napojow-alkoholowych2025.pdf

9. The unfinished work

• Statistics Poland: Socio-economic situation of the country, population, January 2026, https://ssgk.stat.gov.pl/02.2026/Ludnosc.html
• Ministry of Finance: Budget Act for 2027, justification, https://www.gov.pl/attachment/a599b231-04db-431f-b982-1b9bd34c099b
• PSE: Annual report for 2025, table 6.1 (generation by fuel), https://www.pse.pl/dane-systemowe/funkcjonowanie-kse/raporty-roczne-z-funkcjonowania-kse-za-rok/raporty-za-rok-2025
• PSE: Annual report for 2021, table 6.1 (generation by fuel), https://www.pse.pl/dane-systemowe/funkcjonowanie-kse/raporty-roczne-z-funkcjonowania-kse-za-rok/raporty-za-rok-2021
• Statistics Poland: Life expectancy in 2024, https://stat.gov.pl/obszary-tematyczne/ludnosc/trwanie-zycia/trwanie-zycia-w-2024-r-,2,19.html
• Statistics Poland: Life expectancy in 2024 (report, PDF), https://stat.gov.pl/files/gfx/portalinformacyjny/pl/defaultaktualnosci/5470/2/19/1/trwanie_zycia_w_2024_roku.pdf
• European Commission: Country Report Poland 2026, https://economy-finance.ec.europa.eu/economic-surveillance-eu-member-states/country-pages-including-country-reports/country-report-poland_en
• Eurostat: Employment rate by sex, age 20-64 (lfsi_emp_a), Poland 78.8% in 2025, https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/databrowser/view/lfsi_emp_a/default/table?lang=en
• Eurostat: GDP up by 0.4% and employment up by 0.1% in the euro area, 14 August 2026, https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/web/products-euro-indicators/w/2-14082026-ap
• Statistics Poland: Preliminary estimate of GDP in Q2 2026, 31 August 2026, https://stat.gov.pl/obszary-tematyczne/rachunki-narodowe/kwartalne-rachunki-narodowe/wstepny-szacunek-produktu-krajowego-brutto-w-2-kwartale-2026-r-,3,96.html
• Gas Storage Poland: operational inventory data, September 2026, https://ipi.gasstoragepoland.pl/en/storage-services/operational-and-operational-data/operational-data/
• PSE: Annual report on the operation of the national power system for 2025, https://www.pse.pl/dane-systemowe/funkcjonowanie-kse/raporty-roczne-z-funkcjonowania-kse-za-rok/raporty-za-rok-2025

Found a mistake?

Please tell us: open an issue at https://github.com/ulams-dev/ulams/issues with the lesson, the figure and the publisher's page.